How to say to sprout (lit. or fig.)/to bud/to in Chinese 萌芽

有的历史学家认为明代是资本主义萌芽的时期 ( Some historians believe that the Ming Dynasty was a period of budding capitalism )

杂草连根拔，萌芽永不发 ( Weeds uproot, sprouts never grow )

资本主义萌芽于封建社会晚期 ( Capitalism sprouted in the late feudal society )

这是新事物的萌芽。 ( This is the bud of new things. )

革新运动正处在萌芽状态。 ( The revolution is in its infancy. )